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 Posted: Mon 12:13, 21 Mar 2011 Post subject: more than a decade without cheap nhl jerseys |
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In contrast, however, the results of a long term (60 year) follow-up of two groups of alcoholic men by George Vaillant at Harvard Medical School indicated that "[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] return to controlled drinking rarely persisted for much more than a decade without relapse or evolution into abstinence."[124] Vaillant also noted that "return-to-controlled drinking, as reported in short-term studies, is often a mirage."
The most common cause of death in alcoholics is from cardiovascular complications.[125] There is a high rate of suicide in chronic alcoholics,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which increases the longer a person drinks. This is believed to be due to alcohol causing physiological distortion of brain chemistry, as well as social isolation. Suicide is also very common in adolescent alcohol abusers, with 25 percent of suicides in adolescents being related to alcohol abuse.[126] Approximately 18 percent of alcoholics commit suicide,[43] and research has found that over 50 percent of all suicides are associated with alcohol or drug dependence.[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] The figure is higher for adolescents, with alcohol or drug misuse playing a role in up to 70 percent of suicides.
Alcohol has a long history of use and misuse throughout recorded history. Biblical, Egyptian and Babylonian sources record history of abuse and dependence on alcohol. In some ancient cultures alcohol was worshiped and in others its abuse was condemned. Excessive alcohol misuse and drunkenness were recognised as causing problems thousands of years ago. However, the defining of habitual drunkenness as it was then known as and its adverse consequences were not well established medically until the 18th century. In 1647 a Greek monk named Agapios was the first to document that chronic alcohol misuse was associated with toxicity to the nervous system and body which resulted in a range of medical disorders such as seizures, paralysis and internal bleeding. In 1920 the effects of alcohol abuse and chronic drunkenness led to the failed? prohibition? of alcohol being considered and eventually enforced briefly in America.[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] In 2005 the cost of alcohol dependence and abuse was estimated to cost the USA economy approximately 220 billion dollars per year, more than cancer and obesity.
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