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<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" width="100%" style="border-width:1pt; border-color:silver; border-style:dashed;"> <tr> <th class="thCornerL" width="22%" height="26">Author</th> <th class="thCornerR">Message</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="22%" align="left" valign="top" class="row1"><span class="name"><a name=""></a><b>zngmqk57</b></span></td> <td class="row1" height="28" valign="top"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td width="100%"><img src="http://picsrv.fora.pl/subnet/images/icon_minipost.gif" width="12" height="9" alt="Post" title="Post" border="0" /><span class="postdetails">Posted: Sat 19:38, 19 Mar 2011<span class="gen"> </span> Post subject: actual population figures rolex submariner</span></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr / color="silver" noshade></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span class="postbody">Sinologist historians still debate the actual population figures for each era in the Ming Dynasty.<a href="http://www.rolexwatches-replica.com" target="_blank" class="postlink">rolex submariner</a> The historian Timothy Brook notes that the Ming government census figures are dubious since fiscal obligations prompted many families to underreport the number of people in their households and many county officials to underreport the number of households in their jurisdiction.[283] Children were often underreported,<a href="http://www.air-maxchaussures.com" target="_blank" class="postlink">air max chaussures</a>, especially female children, as shown by skewed population statistics throughout the Ming.[284] Even adult women were underreported;[285] for example, the Daming Prefecture in North Zhili reported a population of 378?167 males and 226?982 females in 1502.[70]The government attempted to revise the census figures using estimates of the expected average number of people in each household, but this did not solve the widespread problem of tax registration. <br />The number of people counted in the census of 1381 was 59?873?305; however,<a href="http://www.ed-hardyshirt.com" target="_blank" class="postlink">ed hardy</a> this number dropped significantly when the government found that some 3 million people were missing from the tax census of 1391.[288] Even though underreporting figures was made a capital crime in 1381, the need for survival pushed many to abandon the tax registration and wander from their region, where Hongwu had attempted to impose rigid immobility on the populace. The government tried to mitigate this by creating their own conservative estimate of 60?545?812 people in 1393.[287] In his Studies on the Population of China, Ho Ping-ti suggests revising the 1393 census to 65 million people, noting that large areas of North China and frontier areas were not counted in that census.[289] Brook states that the population figures gathered in the official censuses after 1393 ranged between 51 and 62 million, while the population was in fact increasing.[287] Even the Hongzhi Emperor (r. 1487-505) remarked that the daily increase in subjects coincided with the daily dwindling amount of registered civilians and soldiers.[246] William Atwell states that around 1400 the population of China was perhaps 90 million people, citing Heijdra and Mote.[290] <br />Historians are now turning to local gazetteers of Ming China for clues that would show consistent growth in population.[284] Using the gazetteers,<a href="http://www.replica-rolexwatche.com" target="_blank" class="postlink">rolex watches</a> Brook estimates that the overall population under the Chenghua Emperor (r. 1464&ndash;1487) was roughly 75 million,[286] despite mid-Ming census figures hovering around 62 million.[246] While prefectures across the empire in the mid-Ming period were reporting either a drop in or stagnant population size, local gazetteers reported massive amounts of incoming vagrant workers with not enough good cultivated land for them to till, so that many would become drifters, conmen, or wood-cutters that contributed to deforestation.</span></td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" height="1" class="spaceRow"><img src="http://picsrv.fora.pl/subnet/images/spacer.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" /></td> </tr> </table>
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